COMPLEXIS 2020 Abstracts

Area 1 - Complexity in Biology and Biomedical Engineering

Short Papers

Paper Nr:	22
Title:	Altered Functional Complexity Associated with Structural Features in Schizophrenic Brain: A Resting-state fMRI Study
Authors:	Yi-Ju Lee, Su-Yun Huang, Shih-Jen Tsai and Albert C. Yang
Abstract:	Power law scaling is a well-defined physical concept in complexity science that has been used to quantified the dynamic signals across temporal scales. In this research, we aim to investigate the power law scaling of resting-state fMRI signal in schizophrenic and healthy brain and to examine the potential structural properties that may correlate to the altered functional complexity. Brain imaging data of 200 schizophrenia patients and 200 age and sex-matched healthy Han Chinese was retrieved from Taiwan Aging and Mental Illness cohort. Power law scaling was extracted by Pwelch function. In schizophrenia, six brain regions with abnormal complexity were correlated to the regional structural network of grey matter volume (hub at right superior frontal gyrus) and white matter volume at right superior cerebellar peduncle and splenium of the corpus callosum. Moreover, the identified power law scaling was correlated with clinical symptom severity. Our findings suggest that a loss of scale-free brain signal dynamics affecting by brain morphometries proposed the reduced complex brain activity as one of the neurobiological mechanisms in schizophrenia. This research supports “the loss of brain complexity hypothesis” and “the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia.”, laying potential impact in psychiatry.
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Paper Nr:	14
Title:	FLOPTICS: A Novel Automated Gating Technique for Flow Cytometry Data
Authors:	Wiwat Sriphum, Gary Wills and Nicolas G. Green
Abstract:	Flow cytometry (FCM) involves the use of optical and fluorescence measurements of the characteristics of individual biological cells, typically in blood samples. It is a widely used standard method of analysing blood samples for the purpose of identifying and quantifying the different types of cells in the sample, the result of which are used in medical diagnoses. The multidimensional dataset obtained from FCM is large and complex, so it is difficult and time-consuming to analyse manually. The main process of differentiation and therefore labelling of the populations in the data which represent types of cells is referred to as Gating: gating is the first step of FCM data analysis and highly subjective. Significant amounts of research have focussed on reducing this subjectivity, however a faster standard gating technique is still needed. Existing automated gating techniques are time-consuming or need many user-defined parameters which affect the differentiation to different clustering results. This paper presents and discusses FLOPTICS: a novel automated gating technique that is a combination of density-based and grid-based clustering algorithms. FLOPTICS has an ability to classify cells on FCM data faster and with fewer user-defined parameters than many state-of-the-art techniques, such as FlowGrid, FlowPeaks, and FLOCK.
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Area 2 - Complexity in Social Sciences

Full Papers

Paper Nr:	6
Title:	Credibility-based Model for News Spreading on Online Social Networks
Authors:	Vincenza Carchiolo, Alessandro Longheu, Michele Malgeri, Giuseppe Mangioni and Marialaura Previti
Abstract:	Trustworthiness in Online Social Networks has become essential to discriminate the goodness of both different information as well as the users it originates. Here a model for news spreading in directed online social networks (OSNs) that takes into account trustworthiness-related issues is introduced. In particular we add a credibility network on top of the acquaintance network naturally present in OSNs to model the changing of each node’s opinion about his/her neighbors every time a piece of news comes from them over the OSN. We examine three different scenarios of news spreading over OSNs and propose a model suitable for each scenario, evaluating its applicability using a real world weighted directed network.
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Short Papers

Paper Nr:	24
Title:	Complexity as a Paradigm for Social Sciences and Linguistics: Theoretical Basis and Perspectives
Authors:	Gemma Bel-Enguix, Ángels Massip-Bonet and Gerardo Sierra
Abstract:	This article discusses the relevance and significance of the use of complexity as a scientific paradigm in social and human sciences, focusing on linguistics. For this, a review of the concept of paradigm is made, and its evolution in the last decades. In this framework, the controversy between quantitative and qualitative methods and their validity in the twentieth century is discussed. In this dichotomy, we claim that the theory of complexity is prepared to assume the use of the so-called Mixed Methods Research (MMR). The paper develops the impact of Complex Systems (CS) and Complex Adaptive systems (CAS) in science, as well as the epistemological and methodological implications this entails. Moreover, natural language is defined as a CAS. In general, the article defends the adoption of this paradigm in linguistics, both in synchronous and diachronic research, providing some examples of these new lines of study. In spite of the still emerging nature of some formulations, we envision a deep theoretical breakthrough in linguistics thanks to this interdisciplinary perspective.
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Paper Nr:	26
Title:	It Means More if It Sounds Good: Yet Another Hypothesis Concerning the Evolution of Polysemous Words
Authors:	Ivan P. Yamshchikov, Cyrille N. Saha, Igor Samenko and Jürgen Jost
Abstract:	This position paper looks into the formation of language and shows ties between structural properties of the words in the English language and their polysemy. Using Ollivier-Ricci curvature over a large graph of synonyms to estimate polysemy it shows empirically that the words that arguably are easier to pronounce also tend to have multiple meanings.
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Paper Nr:	27
Title:	Text Classification for Monolingual Political Manifestos with Words Out of Vocabulary
Authors:	Arsenii Rasov, Ilya Obabkov, Eckehard Olbrich and Ivan P. Yamshchikov
Abstract:	In this position paper, we implement an automatic coding algorithm for electoral programs from the Manifesto Project Database. We propose a new approach that works with new words that are out of the training vocabulary, replacing them with the words from training vocabulary that are the closest neighbors in the space of word embeddings. A set of simulations demonstrates that the proposed algorithm shows classification accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art benchmarks for monolingual multi-label classification. The agreement levels for the algorithm is comparable with manual labeling. The results for a broad set of model hyperparam-eters are compared to each other.
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Paper Nr:	18
Title:	Knowledge as a Complex Phenomenon
Authors:	Rafal Maciag
Abstract:	The paper presents the construction of the discursive space, which is a representation of knowledge. It is a multidimensional dynamic space crossed by discourses running along their specific trajectories. These discourses remain in the relationship of supervenience with reality, which is interpreted as a world of facts (state of affairs). Discourses inherit the complexity of the world, and because they are the articulation/retention of knowledge, this knowledge also inherits this property. Discursive space is, therefore, a model of knowledge of a complex nature.
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Area 3 - Complexity in Informatics and Networking

Full Papers

Paper Nr:	25
Title:	Effective Piecewise CNN with Attention Mechanism for Distant Supervision on Relation Extraction Task
Authors:	Yuming Li, Pin Ni, Gangmin Li and Victor Chang
Abstract:	Relation Extraction is an important sub-task in the field of information extraction. Its goal is to identify entities from text and extract semantic relationships between entities. However, the current Relationship Extraction task based on deep learning methods generally have practical problems such as insufficient amount of manually labeled data, so training under weak supervision has become a big challenge. Distant Supervision is a novel idea that can automatically annotate a large number of unlabeled data based on a small amount of labeled data. Based on this idea, this paper proposes a method combining the Piecewise Convolutional Neural Networks and Attention mechanism for automatically annotating the data of Relation Extraction task. The experiments proved that the proposed method achieved the highest precision is 76.24% on NYT-FB (New York Times - Freebase) dataset (top 100 relation categories). The results show that the proposed method performed better than CNN-based models in most cases.
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Short Papers

Paper Nr:	3
Title:	Modal Mu-calculus Extension with Description of Autonomy and Its Algebraic Structure
Authors:	Susumu Yamasaki and Mariko Sasakura
Abstract:	This paper deals with complex abstract state machinery, clearly represented by modal logic with fixed point operator. The logic is well known as modal mu-calculus, which is extended to the version involving human computer interaction as well as involving awareness, communication and behavioral predicates of propositional variables as in autonomy systems. The extended version contains complexity for human machine interaction, whose meaning is represented by Heyting algebra but not by Boolean algebra. In the sense of Heyting algebra, human computer interaction of complexity can be described such that related predicates of communication and behavior may be simplified. Then the extended version can be applied to some process by means of awareness to an expertise, communication and behavior processes, and repetitions represented with fixed point operator (that is, mu-operator). This version is also concerned with model theory caused by postfix modal operator, where composition and alternation of modal operators may be organized into an algebraic structure.
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Paper Nr:	8
Title:	Theoretical Basis of Language System with State Constraints
Authors:	Susumu Yamasaki
Abstract:	This paper presents theoretical basis of a language system whose program is described as algebraic expressions and implemented as abstract state machine. The behaviors of the described expressions may be captured (with their models) as causing sequences for state transitions, where composition and alternation for state transitions are mechanized in algebraic structure. Monitoring facilities to the language system may be described with state concepts, as well. With respect to intuitionistic logic and logical program containing negatives, Heyting algebra expressions are taken rather than already established nonmonotonic reasoning programs with negations, where 3-valued domain may be of use for the undefined to be allowable such that positives and negatives may be consistently evaluated, instead of rigid 2-valued settlements. We may have a standard form of Heyting algebra expressions in accordance to logical and AI programming, where the expressions are constrained with states. The states may be regarded as environmental conditions or objects as in object-oriented programming. As regards 3-valued models of given expressions, monotonic mapping cannot be in general associated with, but some ways are presented to approximate fixed points of a mapping for the given expression. Then the formal description of programs may be given with reference to state transitions, which is thought of as proposing a language system structure.
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Paper Nr:	12
Title:	Evolution of Physics Sub-fields
Authors:	Murali K. Enduri, I. V. Reddy and Shivakumar Jolad
Abstract:	We study the evolution and relationships between sub-fields of Physics using the large data set of articles published in the various physical review journals from 1985-2010. Each article is assigned to some PACS codes by their authors which represent specific sub-fields of Physics. We construct a weighted network with nodes as PACS codes and there is a link between two PACS codes if there is an article assigned to both these codes. The weight of a link represents the number of articles in which both PACS codes appears. We study the time evolution of PACS network at various hierarchy levels of PACS codes. We observe that sub-fields Physics of elementary particles and fields, Nuclear Physics and Condensed matter physics have stronger connections inside the field compared to connections to other sub-fields. We also observe that both condensed matter physics sub-fields are strongly related compared to any other pair of sub-fields.
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Paper Nr:	16
Title:	Ad Hoc Communication Topology Switching during Disasters from Altruistic to Individualistic and Back
Authors:	Indushree Banerjee, Martijn Warnier and Frances Brazier
Abstract:	Disaster communication has made immense progress in the last thirty years. At present, disaster research focuses on bottom-up approaches such as civilian inclusion in disaster response. With the advent of smartphones, citizen-based emergency communication has become possible. Present ad hoc communication technologies typically form a fully connected mesh network, which connects all phones that are within each other’s transmission range. This facilitates low-latency direct communication between citizens, but it quickly drains the battery of phones. Alternative ad hoc communication networks form an adaptive energy-efficient network topology, that is most draining to batteries of phones that have a higher charge, while low-energy phones are spared from relaying messages, thereby preserving battery and thus maintaining their connection with the rescue communication network. Both of these approaches have their own advantages. Which one is best for communication needs depends on the context. This position paper discusses the possibility of a decision model as an approach to automatically switch between the two alternative ad hoc communication networks. This ensures that citizens in disasters can make use of the optimal communication system at all times.
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Paper Nr:	17
Title:	Spatial Characteristics of Communication in Urban Vehicular System
Authors:	Antal Ilyés, Tomaj Kovács, Gréta Tisza and Imre Varga
Abstract:	We propose a model of information spreading based on urban traffic, where smart vehicles can carry data of sensor measurements and share them by short-range wireless communication. The spreading of information can be quite fast and widespread without central control within this ad hoc network. In this position paper, we want to characterize some spatial aspects of the spreading process. We planned to analyze the radius of gyration and the bounding box of the 2D positions of informed agents and communication events. First simulation results show a crossover in the time evolution of the system.
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Paper Nr:	23
Title:	Introduction to DiNA: An Extendable Web-application for Directed Network Analysis
Authors:	Máté C. Széll, Miklós Becsei and Gergely Kocsis
Abstract:	A new web-application is presented that can be used to easily express basic properties of directed graphs and run some rather complex algorithms on them. The application builds up from two distinct parts. i.) It contains a core package written in plain Java representing the graph and implementing the algorithms and ii.) it has a web user interface with which it become easy to call methods of the core package. Both the core package and the web-interface were developed in a modular way making it easy to add new algorithms or even to run pre-implemented algorithms of already well-known graph analyzer tools. At the current state of the work we are implementing new algorithms and extending the features of the web user interface. The application is available at http://dina.inf.unideb.hu/.
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Area 4 - Complexity in Risk and Predictive Modeling

Full Papers

Paper Nr:	2
Title:	An Interest Rate Decision Method for Risk-averse Portfolio Optimization using Loan
Authors:	Kiyoharu Tagawa
Abstract:	Portfolio optimization using loan is formulated as a chance constrained problem in which the borrowing money from loan can be invested in risk assets. The chance constrained problem is proven to a convex optimization problem. The low interest rate of loan benefits borrowers. On the other hand, the high interest rate of loan doesn’t benefits lenders because such a loan is not often used. For deciding a proper interest rate of loan that benefits both borrowers and lenders, a new method is proposed. Experimental results show that the loan is used completely to improve the efficient frontier if the interest rate is decided by the proposed method.
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Paper Nr:	4
Title:	Product Lifecycle De-trending for Sales Forecasting
Authors:	Albert M. Lechner and Steve R. Gunn
Abstract:	This work introduces a new way to improve the sales forecasting accuracy of time series models using product’s life cycle information. Most time series forecasts utilize historic data for forecasting because there is no data available for the future. The proposed approach should change this process and utilize product life cycle specific data to obtain future information including product life cycle changes. Therefore a decision tree regression was used to predict the shape parameters of the bass curve, which reflects a product’s life cycle over time. This curve is used in a consecutive step to de-trend the time series to exclude the underlying trend created through the age of a product. The sales forecasts accuracy was increased for all 11 years of a luxury car manufacturer, comparing the newly developed product life cycle de-trending approach to a common de-trending by differencing approach in a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average framework.
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Paper Nr:	11
Title:	Return on Cybersecurity Investment in Operational Technology Systems: Quantifying the Value That Cybersecurity Technologies Provide after Integration
Authors:	Roger A. Hallman, Maxine Major, Jose Romero-Mariona, Richard Phipps, Esperanza Romero and John S. Miguel
Abstract:	Appropriate cybersecurity investment is a challenge faced by both private and public organizations. This challenge includes understanding the actual vulnerabilities of an organization’s networked systems, as well as the cost of a successful cyber attack on those systems. On top of this, an organization’s cybersecurity acquisition workforce must be able to discern reality from the marketing hype that is produced by cybersecurity sales forces. This paper builds upon earlier work which developed a cybersecurity acquisition decision support mechanism (Romero-Mariona. et al., 2016). In particular, cybersecurity technology evaluation results are extended to assist organizations to define a Return on Cybersecurity Investment. This new capability is instantiated within the context of networked critical infrastructure and industrial control systems.
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Short Papers

Paper Nr:	7
Title:	Systemic Security Risks in the Telecommunications Sector: An Approach for Security and Integrity of Networks and Services
Authors:	Nicolas Mayer and Jean-Sébastien Sottet
Abstract:	A strong emphasis is placed today on the security of Information Systems (IS) and on the management of information security risks. This tendency can be seen in numerous emerging regulations imposing a risk-based approach for IS security on entire economic sectors. However, a major drawback of the methods currently used is that risks are assessed individually by each organization for its own activities, and that no link is established between the risk management results of interacting organizations. In this paper, we propose an approach to deal with systemic risks, i.e. risks propagated from one organization to another due to dependencies between them. This approach is an extension of an existing framework used from 2015 by a European national regulator in the telecommunications sector.
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